Do I Need an Affidavit of Support for My Green Card?

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What is an Affidavit of Support?

An affidavit of support is a legal document from a sponsor that guarantees financial support for an immigrant seeking to adjust to permanent resident status as a green card holder. The sponsor is typically a U.S. citizen or an already-established legal permanent resident, such as a relative or family member.

The affidavit of support is a contract between the sponsor and the United States government, obligating the sponsor to provide financial support for the foreign national if needed. This includes covering food, housing, healthcare, and other essential needs.

The sponsor must provide sufficient proof of income or financial resources to take on this responsibility. This can be done by showing a stable job, recent tax returns, bank statements, investments, and other assets.

In addition, the sponsor must demonstrate that they have taken on financial responsibility for the immigrant visa applicant. This includes providing evidence that the sponsor’s income is at least 125% of the federal poverty line established by the federal government. This ensures that the immigrant will not become a public charge.

When Do I Need an Affidavit of Support?

Form I-864, also known as an affidavit of support, is commonly required during green card application for many categories. However, most people do not know whether they need to file it or not.

In an affidavit of support, an individual agrees to financially support an immigrant who will be seeking permanent residence or adjusting status in the United States. It is found under Section 213A of the Immigration and Nationality Act.

The ‘financial sponsor’ usually sponsors the immigrant’s visa petition. The government requires the document so that the person does not become a public charge if they cannot fend for themselves.

Generally, family-based immigrants require the petitioner to fill out form I-864. Some employment-based immigrants also require that their sponsors file an affidavit of support. There are financial requirements that a sponsor has to meet to be eligible to file the form. Also, there are exceptions to the filing requirement.

Who Needs to File the Form I-864

If you fall into any of the following categories, you are required to file an affidavit of support:

Immediate relatives of U.S. citizens – spouses, parents, and unmarried children under 21, e.g., individuals applying for the IR1 spousal immigration visa.
Immigrants who fall into the four family preference categories.
- The first preference category comprises unmarried adult children of U.S. citizens (above 21).
- The second preference includes permanent residents’ spouses, minor children, and unmarried adult children.
- Family members included in the third preference are the married children of U.S. citizens, their spouses, and minor children.
- Lastly, the fourth preference category consists of siblings of adult U.S. citizens, the siblings’ spouses, and minor children.
Employment-based preference immigrants whose permanent resident or citizen relative filed their immigrant visa petition.
Employment-based immigrants who have a family member with a significant ownership interest (over five percent) in the entity that filed their visa petition.

In addition to filing the affidavit, the sponsor must submit relevant supporting documents proving that they meet the income requirement. This includes the sponsor’s most recent federal tax return and proof of current employment.

The petitioning sponsor may also submit other financial documents to prove their capacity. In addition, a sponsor needs to provide evidence that they have legal status in the U.S., either as a citizen or permanent resident.

Exceptions to Filing Requirement

Despite falling into the above-listed groups, some individuals are exempt from the requirement of filing an affidavit of support. They include:

People with up to 40 qualifying quarters of work in the U.S., i.e., people who have spent about ten years working in the United States.
Self-petitioning immigrants with an approved Form I-360, Petition for Amerasian, Widow(er), or Special Immigrant, as a widow or widower or as a battered spouse or child.
Orphans who are adopted by U.S. citizens abroad. The citizen parents must have completed the adoption process formally before the orphan acquires permanent residence, and both parents must have seen the child before or during the adoption.

When to File the Affidavit of Support

For immigrant applicants applying via consular processing, their sponsor must complete form I-864 when they have been scheduled for a visa interview. Then, they can notarize the affidavit and send it along with supporting documents in a packet to the visa candidate. However, candidates of K-visas need not file an affidavit of support until their fiance, spouse, or child adjusts their status after entering the U.S.

Meanwhile, for adjustment of status candidates, the sponsor should fill out the form when the candidate is about to apply for adjustment of status with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). The sponsor needs to notarize the affidavit and give it to the immigration candidate with other necessary documents so they can file them together.

The sponsor may receive specific instructions to file the affidavit of support directly with the National Visa Center. In that case, they should do as instructed.

Common Mistakes to Avoid with the Affidavit of Support

Filing Form I-864 incorrectly can delay your green card application—or result in denial. Here are some of the most frequent issues sponsors make:

Misunderstanding the Minimum Income Requirement: Sponsors must meet at least 125% of the federal poverty guidelines for their household size (100% for active-duty military sponsoring a spouse or child). Check the latest figures on the USCIS Poverty Guidelines page.
Not Including a Joint Sponsor: If you don’t meet the income threshold, you may need a joint sponsor. This person must also submit Form I-864 and meet all eligibility requirements independently.
Omitting Required Documentation: Missing tax transcripts, W-2s, or proof of lawful status can result in a rejection. Attach clear, current, and complete documents.
Confusion About Household Size: Household size includes dependents, relatives living in the same residence, and anyone listed as a dependent on tax returns—even if they don’t live with you.
Filing the Wrong Version of the Form: Always check the USCIS Form I-864 page to make sure you’re submitting the most recent edition.
Not Understanding the Legal Commitment: Sponsors remain financially responsible until the immigrant becomes a U.S. citizen, earns 40 work quarters, leaves the U.S. permanently, or dies.

Avoiding these mistakes helps keep your immigration process moving and prevents avoidable delays or denials.

Income Requirements

Apart from being legal residents in the U.S. and above 18, all intending sponsors must have an income equal to or more than 125% of the Department of Health and Human Services (H.H.S.)’s poverty level for their household size.

There is a financial threshold set as the poverty level for a family of two. Then for every extra family member, the threshold increases by a fixed amount. To find out your minimum income requirement based on your family size, you can check the Bureau of Consular Affairs website.

If you are on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and petitioning for your wife or child, your income only has to equal 100% of the poverty level for your household size.

When a Sponsor Cannot Meet the Financial Support Requirements

Depending on the circumstances, one may be able to get around this situation by joining the income of other household members, getting a joint sponsor, or calculating their financial capacity based on their assets.

For the first option, the other household member needs to complete Form I-864A, Contract Between Sponsor and Household Member. The household member must be listed as a dependent on the sponsor’s most recent income tax return or have lived with them for the past six months. The sponsored immigrant can add their income and assets if they meet these criteria. However, they don’t need to fill out form I-864A.

In the case of a joint sponsor, they may be unrelated to the visa applicant. They must meet the income requirement independently without combining their income with the petitioning sponsor.

Lastly, the petitioning sponsor can add the cash value of their assets to supplement their income. The cash value of the assets has to be five times the difference between the household income and the minimum income requirements.

When Does Sponsorship Responsibility End

Sponsorship typically ends:

When the sponsored immigrant has worked in the U.S. for ten years or becomes a citizen
If the sponsored immigrant leaves the U.S. and ceases to be a permanent resident
If the sponsor or sponsored person dies

Note that divorce does not end a sponsorship obligation.

What Happens if You Don’t Have an Affidavit of Support?

In most cases, submitting an affidavit of support is a mandatory requirement for visa applicants. Your visa application can be denied if you don’t submit this document. Hence, it is important to ensure that the sponsor’s affidavit of support complies with all immigration laws and regulations. If you are a sponsor, understanding the requirements properly and filling out the form accurately is in your best interest. This helps to ensure that your sponsored person will receive their green card without any issues. For more information, please contact an immigration attorney.

What Are the Consequences of Not Submitting an Affidavit of Support with a Green Card Application?

If you fail to submit an Affidavit of Support with a Green Card application, it can lead to significant consequences. The Affidavit of Support, typically the USCIS Form I-864, is a legally enforceable document required under the Immigration and Nationality Act, which assures that the intending immigrant will not become a public charge. This document is necessary for most family-based and some employment-based immigration applications. Inability to submit this affidavit can result in the denial of the Green Card Application. The United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) mandates this form to ensure that the intending immigrant has adequate financial support and will not rely on government assistance under the Social Security Act. The absence of an Affidavit of Support signals the lack of a financial safety net, leading USCIS to doubt the applicant’s ability to support themselves financially in the U.S., thus affecting their lawful permanent resident status.

Who Can be a Sponsor on an Affidavit of Support for a Green Card Applicant?

To be eligible as a sponsor on an Affidavit of Support for a Green Card applicant, an individual needs to meet specific criteria.

The sponsor must be a U.S. citizen or a lawful permanent resident
They need to be at least 18 years old and domiciled in the United States or its territories.
The sponsor must demonstrate the ability to maintain an annual income at least 125% above the Federal Poverty Guidelines for their household size, including the immigrant.

This is the financial requirement that ensures that the sponsor can support the immigrant and their household without relying on public benefits. In various cases, a joint sponsor who meets this criteria may also e necessary, especially if the primary sponsor does not meet the income requirements. Once signed, the sponsor commits to financially support the intending immigrant making this a serious legal responsibility.

How Can an Attorney Help?

If you need to file an affidavit of support, an immigration attorney from Andrew T. Thomas, Attorneys at Law, can serve as your guide to the USCIS procedures. You can rely on us to help you correctly prepare and file your documents. A skilled immigration attorney can also advise you if you do not meet the financial income requirements. Our lawyers can help you complete an affidavit of support or renew your green card. We can discuss your matter over a free consultation. Call us today!